Russia
Russia - the largest country
Russia is located in northern Eurasia. The full name of the country
is the Russian Federation. Covering an area of 17,075,400 square
kilometers, it is the largest country in the world. It has a
population of 145.5 million, with more than 130 nationalities, of
which 83% are Russians. Primary ethnic minorities are Tatars,
Ukrainian, Chuvash, and so on. Residents are Orthodox. Russian is
the official language. The currency is the ruble, and Moscow (Moskva)
is the capital.
National Flag
The flag consists of three parallel rectangles, colored, from the
top down, white, blue, and red, known as the Pan-Slavic colors.
History
In the 15th century, Ivan III of Russia established a centralized
state, the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1861, serfdom was abolished.
From the end of the 19th century until the early 20th century,
Russia was a militarist, feudal, and imperialist country. On
November 7, 1917, it established the world's first socialist state,
with the workers represented by the Soviet. From December 1922 on,
the Russian Federation, Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine, and
Belarus became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which
was later extended to fifteen countries. In August 1991, the Soviet
Union dissolved and the Russian Federation became a fully
independent state.
Red Square
Red Square is the Russian capital's famous square in central Moscow.
Its total area is 90,000 square meters. After the victory of the
1917 October Revolution, Red Square was where the people celebrated,
and also where they assemble and parade. The Lenin mausoleum is in
Red Square, in front of the center of the Kremlin palace wall. South
of Red Square is the famous Vasily. Pala Ren and Cathedral is north
of Red Square, of 19th century red-brick construction, with Russia's
Rose Museum distinctive style.
Kremlin
North of the Moscow River, the Kremlin is located at the center of
Moscow and was founded in 1156. The palace of successive Czars, it
is now the seat of the top leadership of the Russian Federation. The
Kremlin covers about 275,000 square meters and is surrounded by a
triangular wall and twenty towers. The coronation of the Virgin Mary
was held in the Tsar's most majestic and impressive Cathedral. The
Kremlin is the center of government affairs and activities. The gold
and white Georgi Hall is mainly used for meetings with foreign
dignitaries. The gold and red Catherine Hall is used primarily for
the State Conference. Then gold and green Vladimir for the Office is
used for signing ceremonies. The Ivan the Great bell tower, at 81
meters tall, is the tallest building in the Krelmin. It has the
world's largest palace bell, weighing over 200 tons.
Economic and Cultural Customs
Russian territory stretches across Asia and Europe, but its
population is in concentrated and economically developed areas west
of the Ural Mountains. Therefore, it is recognized as a European
country. The country's regions from west to east are, respectively,
the European Plain, the Ural Mountains, the West Siberian Plain, the
Central Siberian Plateau, the Yablonov Mountains, and the Chersky
Mountains.
Russia is a vast country rich in a great variety of natural
resources, with large reserves. It has 867,000,000 hectares of
forest cover, ranking first in the world. Russia's timber processing
and paper industry is well-developed; its log output ranks first in
the world, and a large number of wood products are produced and
expored. Natural gas and iron reserves are first in the world. Oil,
coal, aluminum, uranium, gold and other reserves are first in the
world. Water resources are second in the world.
In most of the high latitude regions in Russia, the temperature
is low, with little rainfall, so agricultural development is faced
with difficulties. The main crops are wheat, corn, rice, beans,
potatoes, flax, sunflower, and sugar beet. As food shortages have
affected the development of animal husbandry, each year Russia must
import large quantities of meat, eggs, poultry, and milk to meet
domestic demand.
Russia has a complete, large-scale industrial system. In the
former Soviet Union, the country developed heavy industry, putting
manufacturing and metal processing machinery at the core of the
economy, with energy, metallurgy, chemical and other industries a
military priority. After the Cold War, Russia saw the development of
light industry. Textiles, fisheries, and food industries are also
developed. Russia has one of the largest fisheries, and has rapidly
developed offshore fishing.
During the Soviet era, Russia made great achievements in the
aerospace industry. In October 1957, Russia launched the first
artificial Earth satellite. On April 12, 1961, the cosmonaut Major
Yuri Gagarin completed the first space flight in human history.
Russia has always maintained a very high technical level in space
science, launching the most spacecraft per year of any country in
the world.
Russian ballet has a unique style and enjoys a high reputation.
Famous ballets include "Swan Lake," "Romeo and Juliet,"
"Cinderella," and others.
Russian literature has played an important role in the history of
world literature. Leo Tolstoy's "War and Peace," "Resurrection,"
"Anna Karenina," Ostrovsky's "How the Steel Was Tempered," Gorky's
"Mother," " Haiyan ," and Sholokhov's" Quiet Flows the Don," are all
masterpieces of world literature.
Heavy layer of Lake
The Magee Lake is located in northern Russia on the Barents Sea.
With five water points, each floor has a unique quality, color, and
biota. The top layer is freshwater, the second layer is mixed into a
light layer of water, with jellyfish, shrimp, and crab the main
animals here, the middle layer is a salt layer, the the fourth level
is the "cherry juice layer," because it is colored red as a result
of some bacteria, and the bottom is a mixed layer, bformed of a
mixture of debris and soil, where bacteria survive with no oxygen.
Five waters in one lake form a colorful world, a miracle of world
geography and biology.
Siberian tundra
Siberia is vast, stretching from the Ural Mountains to the west to
the order Strait to the east. To the north, Siberia is bordered by
the Arctic Ocean, while to the south is Russia, Kazakhstan,
Mongolia, China and other countries. Because of its high latitude,
the continental climate is strongly featured. The Taymyr Peninsula,
near the Arctic tundra, has year-round ice, or permafrost. In
Yakutsk, in Siberia, low temperatures in winter can reach -67 ℃.
Siberia's natural conditions are very bad, but the ground is rich
in mineral resources. People have also found a number of ancient
dead animals preserved by the permafrost.
Lake Baikal
Located in southern Siberia, called the "North Sea" in China, Lake
Baikal is the result of crustal faults; it is a tectonic lake. Of
all types of lakes, those formed by tectonic crustal fracture are
the deepest. Lake Baikal is narrow; it is 635 km long with an
average width of 48 km, covering an area of 31,500 square
kilometers. Its average depth is 730 meters, and the deepest point
is over 1620 meters. It has a water storage capacity of 23,000 cubic
km. It drains a total of 336 rivers and coastal lakes.
Lake Baikal is extremely clear, with visibility over 40 meters.
The lake has more than 1800 kinds of animals and 600 species of
plants, of which three-fourths of the species are native. Lake
Baikal is a freshwater lake, but the lake has many downright marine
organisms, such as seals, conch, and shrimp.
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