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Your are here: Country Profiles > France
FranceFrance - Romantic country France places for Western Europe, King called the French
Republic. An area of almost 551,600 square kilometers. Population of
61.7 million, mainly for the French national people, ethnic
minorities have Alsace, Brittany, Corsica and so on. Residents are
Catholic teaching. French is spoken. Currency is the euro. Capital
of Paris (Paris).
National Flag
From left to right, the French flag has three blue, white and red vertical stripes. This 'tricolor' flag was the symbol of French Revolution because the three colors represent freedom, equality and fraternity. History In the fifth century, the Franks established the Frankish kingdom. In 843, the country became an independent state. The 17th and 18th centuries saw the reign of Louis XIV and the heyday of the feudal society. On July 14, 1789, there was the outbreak of the bourgeois revolution when the rebels captured the Bastille. Since then, the Republic has established a five once and the two empires. In May 1871, the Paris commune was suppressed. After 1958, de Gaulle established the Fifth Republic. After World War II, owing to the national independence movement, the majority of French colonies gained independence, and the rest was divided into French overseas departments and territories. Eiffel Tower The highest building in Paris, the Eiffel Tower is 320.7 m high, has 1,710 steps and weighs 9,000 tons. Designed by the French bridge engineer Gustav Eiffel, it was built to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French bourgeoisie. Looked at from one side, it looks like an upside down letter "Y." From the tower, visitors can see the church spire outside the Chatelet tower 96 km southeast of Paris as well as the city other famous landmarks such as the Arc de Triomphe, Champs Elysees and Notre Dame. It has become the most famous Paris attraction. Napoleon Bonaparte A most remarkable 19th century French general. Aged 24, he commanded of the Revolutionary army's siege of Toulon. In 1796, as the army chief, he used his office as bait to destroy the fortress of Mantua large Austrian army, winning a victory in the Battle of interest in Buddhism, he was sent to Egypt, and Muslim prisoners war. In 1798, after the second coalition with France, he hurried back to France to seize power, so that he would arrogate a military and political power to gain freedom. In 1813, the coalition forces defeated Potui in the Battle of Leipzig. In 1815, he returned to Paris and retook the throne. After failure in the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled to St. Helena and died on the island in 1821. Economic and Cultural Customs France is western Europe's largest agricultural producer and is in the world's top five producers of soybeans, wheat and rapeseed. It has a large iron and steel industry, while the automobile industry is one of the pillars of French industry. Renault, Citroen, Peugeot and others are world-famous enterprises. France is also known for its perfume and clothing industries, and is "the world's fashion capital" with Pierre Cardin, Chanel and other famous fashion brands. France's grape production ranks second in the world, and brandy
and champagne are the representatives of French wine. The French
drink interesting wine and eat different foods, and have many
traditional combinations such as red wine with beef, white wine with
seafood and brandy after dinner. Notre Dame This gothic church was built in the 12th century and is located
on the banks of the River Seine in Paris. Notre Dame can accommodate
9,000 worshipers. Both inside and outside many homes are decorated
with exquisite carvings. Three great windows are still preserved
with 13th century mosaics of stained glass. The French writer Victor
Hugo's novel Notre Dame de Paris uses this distinguished building as
the background of the story. Mona Lisa is the Italian Renaissance artist up • Vinci created in 1503-1506 years, oil painting, which depicts a young girl, charming smile, shows a quiet, serene happiness. Smiling woman painting known as the eternal smile. This painting depicts is said Francisco • Germany • La Gioconda's wife. Arc de Triomphe This is located in the broad square at the end of the Champs Elysees. Extending in all directions from Charles de Gaulle Square, there are 17 boulevards. The magnificent Arc de Triomphe, built in 1836, stands in the square on top of the central island. It has only one arch hole for the barrel vault, and its size exceeds the Constantine Arch in Rome (50 m in height, 45 m wide). Each face is engraved with huge relief, the most famous and most beautiful one is described in 1792 set off the scenes of the volunteer, this masterpiece called "La Marseillaise." Napoleon's great victory celebration scenes were carved in relief at the top of the site in another location, at the top of the shield-shaped ornaments engraved with the name of each battle. Palace of Versailles This is located in the town of Versailles, has a construction area of 110,000 square kilometers and is representative of classical western architecture. It has more than 700 rooms, of which the "mirror room" is lined with 483 full-length mirrors, reflecting light and shadow changes within the hall. The palace has 100 million square meters of gardens, a garden fountain and more than 1,400 ornate statues. Louvre Located in the heart of Paris, the Louvre is the world-renowned art gallery. It houses the world's most extensive collection of paintings and sculptures with over 400,000 exhibits divided into many categories and varieties and including works from ancient Egypt, Greece, Etruria and Rome. There is medieval to modern sculptures as well as an alarming number of royal curios and paintings. The Louvre is divided into six parts: Greek and Roman Art, Egyptian Art, Oriental Art, the painting museum, sculptures and the decorative Museum of Art. The most famous "palace treasures" are the "Venus de Milo," Nika" and the "Mona Lisa." Reunion (French) The island of Reunion is located in the Indian Ocean off southeastern Africa, covering an area of 2,512 square kilometers. It has a population of 747,000, comprised of Madagascans, Africans, Europeans, and Creole. Reunion belongs to France and as such Catholicism is the primary religion, the official language is French, and the currency is the euro. The Capital is St. Nicholas (St. Denis). History In the mid-17th century 60's, France used the island as a stopping point for its slave trade. In 1810 the island was occupied by Britain, and in April 1915, Britain and France signed the Paris Agreement will gave the island to the French. In September, 1848, it was formally named Reunion and in May, 1946, became a French overseas province, along with Juan Island, Europa Island, Bassas da India, Glorioso Islands, and Tromelin. The sovereignty of these islands has caused controversy and tension with Madagascar. The French ownership of Tromelin has also caused friction with Mauritius. Economy and Cultural Customs Reunion’s economy is based on agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. The cultivation and production of sugar cane, herbs, geraniums, and other spices are the main economic pillars. Reunion is not particularly industrialized and as such mainly relies on French aid. The local climate is hot and wet, providing suitable conditions for the growth of sugar cane, with planting areas accounting for about half of all cultivated areas. Wallis and Futuna (France) Wallis and Futuna is located in the southwest Pacific, west of the international date line. A land area of 274 square kilometers is home to 16,000 people, who are mostly Bolilini from West Asia. Due to the fact that the country is a French overseas territory, French is the official language, although Wallis is also spoken, and residents are Roman Catholic. The currency is the Pacific franc and the capital is Matautu (Mata utu). Economy and Cultural Customs
Traditional self-sufficient agriculture accounts for 80% of the
total employment. The main crops include breadfruit, banana,
coconut, cassava, and taro. Copra and handicrafts are the main
export products, and the main income comes from the French
government's assistance, expatriate remittances, and fishing license
fees. Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France) Saint Pierre and Miquelon are located near Canada, 25 kilometers south of Newfoundland in the North Atlantic. Covering an area of 242 square kilometers, it has a population of about 6,300 people, mostly descendants of French immigrants. The official language is French, and 99% of the population are Catholic. The capital city is Saint-Pierre. History According to the 1914 Paris Peace Treaty, all of the islands belong to France. French overseas territories are collective. Chief Executive appointed by the French Government, is responsible for defense by the French. Economy and Cultural Customs
The soil and climatic conditions of the island make it unsuited to
agricultural production, with only a small amount of vegetable
cultivation, and pig, egg, and poultry production. The main economy
is fishing and traditional processing industry. Martinique (French) Martinique is located in the east of the Caribbean, at the northern tip of the Antilles. An area of 1100 square kilometers is home to a population of 390,000, mainly mulatto people. Most of the residents are Catholic, and French is the official language, with Creole also spoken. The currency is the euro and the capital is Fort de France. History The earliest residents of Martinique were Caribbean Indians In June 1502, Columbus arrived, and by 1655 French forces occupied the island. In 1674, the French claimed the island as a French territory, and it later became a French overseas province in 1946. In August 1977, it became a major area of France. Guadeloupe (France) Guadeloupe is located in the Caribbean, at the center of the Antilles. An area of 1,780 square kilometers is home to a population of 439,000, most of whom are of African or European descent. Most of the residents are Catholic, and French is the official language, with Creole also spoken.. The currency is the euro (formerly the French franc), and the capital is Basseterre. History In 1495, Columbus arrived, and by the 16th century the Spanish ruled. In 1655 French colonialists occupied Guadeloupe, only for it to later pass to the British In 1815 it came under French rule again, and in 1946 became a French overseas province. In 1977 it was designated as a major area of France. Economy and Cultural Customs Economy on agriculture, tourism and light industry mainly rely mainly on its development in France. French Guiana French Guiana is located in the northeast of South America, near the equator, covering an area of 91,000 square kilometers. It has a population of 181,000, most of whom are of Creole descent. Residents are Catholic and French is the official language, with Creole also spoken. The currency was the French franc, but is now the euro. The capital is Cayenne. History After the French invaded in the 17th century, the British, Dutch, French and Portuguese competed with each other for control of the land, until the 1816 the French finally succeeded. In 1946, France announced that French Guiana was a French overseas provinces. In 1977 it was designated as a major area of France. Economy and Cultural Customs
French Guiana is a high and low-lying territory, reaching heights of
up to 48 meters above sea level along the coastal alluvial plains,
with other areas consisting of low-lying swampland. The mainland is
comprised of plateaus, hills, valleys, and cloud-forests.
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